A useful new classification of dysmorphic urinary erythrocytes

Abstract Background  Among dysmorphic urinary erythrocytes (D cells), G1 cells or doughnut-shaped erythrocytes with one or more blebs are considered to be reliable markers for glomerular diseases. However, although there are many D cells with cytoplasmic color loss and without blebs in the urinary sediment, the significance of these cells is not clear. In this study, we devised a classification system for D cells and examined the relation between these cell types and urinalysis data.